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#Mechanism of sulfonylureas-


 These exert the hypoglycaemic action by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta-cell. Their primary mechanism of action is to close ATP-sensitive K-channels in the beta-cell plasma membrane, and so initiate a chain of events which results in insulin release.
Insulin through GLUT-4 translocation cause peripheral uptake on glucose hence,decreasing hyperglycemia.








About
Age related cataract and diabetic cataract-
Age related cataract -usually detected in more than half population after 65 years 
Diabetic cataract can occur even in younger age group as compared to age related cataract <65 yrs

Age related cataract more common in females
Diabetic cataract more common in males

Age related cataract affects vision more as compared to diabetic cataract
Diabetic cataract usually doesn't affect the vision but makes it difficult to examine fundus.

Mechanism of diabetic cataract - the intracellular accumulation of sorbitol leads to osmotic changes resulting in hydropic lens fibers that degenerate and form diabetic cataract


Age related cataract -The decline of α-crystallin chaperone activity with age, reaching a maximum in the fifth decade, accounts for an increased aggregation, protein insolubility, light-scattering and loss of lens transparency.causing opacity of the lens.

Diabetes a risk factor for age related cataract.
       - cataract likely to develop -three -four times more in 
People with diabetes in middle age



Most common cataract( in age related) -nuclear cataract
Most common cataract( in diabetes)- posterior subcapsular cataract

---Characteristic feature of diabetic cataract -snowflake cataract

Increased risk of post op complications in people with diabetes 


Learning points-


-Learnt about the mechanism of insulin,it's preparations and how it can control hyperglycemia

-learnt about how central obesity can cause diabetes

-learnt about how diabetes can cause cataract 

- about how diabetes affects the day to day life style of the patient

-learnt about the importance of healthy life style.




References-

Davidsons principle and practice of medicine

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6422859/#:~:text=Some%20studies%20indicate%20that%20cataracts,diabetes%20and%20poor%20metabolic%20control.





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